Lesson 1 - English Alphabets - Orthography

 

The English alphabet consists of 26 letters. 

Each letter has an uppercase ("capital letter") and a lowercase ("small letter") form.



Notes

Five of the letters in the English Alphabet are vowels: A, E, I, O, U.

The remaining 21 letters are consonants: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Z, and usually W and Y.

Written English includes the digraphs: ch ci ck gh ng ph qu rh sc sh th ti wh wr zh. These are not considered separate letters of the alphabet.


What is a Digraph?

A digraph is two letters combined to make a single sound in written or spoken English. A digraph can consist of consonants and vowels. These shouldn't be confused with adjacent consonants, where each letter makes a distinct sound rather than combining to make one sound.

Types: Consonant Digraph/ Vowel Digraph/ Split Diagraph

What is the difference between digraphs and trigraphs?

It is important that young learners become familiar with these and confident in recognising the unique sounds formed by digraphs and trigraphs. Although digraphs and trigraphs have similarities, with both forming a single sound, they are made up of a different number of letters.

What is the Difference between Digraphs and Diphthongs?

A Diphthong is a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable. The sound when pronouncing these two vowels begins as one vowel sound and moves towards another. Some examples of diphthongs are coin / cloud / slide


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